Cephalotrigona zexmeniae (Cockerell, 1912)
Common Names: "e'hol", "ta'ah-kab", "cacique", "congo", "picúsaro", "tamaga", "tamaga-amarillo", ", ", ", "
Trigona zexmeniae
Cockerell, T. D. A. (1912). Descriptions and records of Bees- XLVI. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 10: 311-320 [313] .
Type data: holotype AMNH <F> worker , paratype BMNH <F> workers , paratype USNM 15322 <F> worker (1).
Type locality: Guatemala, Quirigua, W. P. Cockerell leg..
Distribution
Nearctic Region: Mexico (Campeche, Quintana Roo, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatán); Neotropical Region: Colombia (Cundinamarca, Magdalena), Costa Rica (Alajuela, Cartago, Guanacaste, Heredia, Puntarenas, San José), El Salvador, Guatemala (Izabal, Santa Rosa, Zacapa), Honduras (Colón, Francisco Morazán), Nicaragua (Chontales), Panama (Chiriquí, Coclé, Colón, Darién, Panamá), Panama Canal Zone
References
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Arce, H. (1994). Stingless beekeeping in Costa Rica: technical and cultural aspects. Pegone autumn: 6-8 [7] (? uncertain identity, as Cephalotrigona capitata, folk names: "tamaga", "tamaga amarillo", "tamaga negro", "ocuter", "tacanique", beekeeping, honey production)
Ayala, R. (1999). Revision de las abejas sin aguijon de Mexico (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini). Folia Entomológica Mexicana 106: 1-123 [5, 7, 17, 21, 23, 24-25] (as Cephalotrigona zexmeniae, synonymy, diagnosis, geographic records, flower records: Lythrum so., Acacia wrighti, geographic range, taxonomic notes, figure: male)
Bequaert, J. (1932). Appendix pp. 17-17 in Cockerell, T. D. A. Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) collected at Chichen Itzá, Yucatan by the Harvard expeditions of 1929-1930. Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 27: 9–17 [17] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae, geographic record, nesting site: hollow trunk of tree, male behavior)
Brown, B. V. (1996). Preliminary analysis of a host shift: revision of the Neotropical species of Apocephalus, subgenus Mesophora (Diptera: Phoridae). Contr. Sci. (Los Angel.) 462: 1-36 [16, 17] (as Cephalotrigona capitata and Trigona capitata, geographic records, parasitoid: Apocephalus (Mesophora) apivorus, Phoridae)
Brown, B. V. (1997). Parasitic phorid flies: a previously unrecognized cost to aggregation behavior of male stingless bees. Biotropica 29 (3): 370-372 [371] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, male aggregation, behavior, parasitoids: Apocephalus (Mesophora) apivorus, Melaloncha sp., Phoridae)
Bruijn, L. L. M. & Sommeijer, M. J. (1997). Colony foraging in different species of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponinae) and the regulation of individual nectar foraging. Insectes Soc. 44: 35-47 [44] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, activity period, citation)
Camargo, J. M. F., Moure, J. S. & Roubik, D. W. (1988). Melipona yucatanica new species (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae); stingless bee dispersal across the Caribbean arc and post-Eocene vicariance. Pan-Pac. Entomol. 64 (2): 147-157 [156] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, partim [Central America and Mexico], geographic range)
Cockerell, T. D. A. (1912). Descriptions and records of Bees- XLVI. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (8) 10: 311-320 [313-314] (as Trigona zexmeniae, description, geographic records, flower records: Zexmenia virgulta [sic], Vernonia aschenborniana, Compositae, Labiatae, taxonomic notes)
Cockerell, T. D. A (1923). Some bees from British Guiana. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 11(9): 442-459 [451] (as Trigona capitata, partim: Panama, Costa Rica)
Cockerell, T. D. A (1946). New species and subspecies collected in a month in Guatemala. J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 54: 203-206 [204] (as Trigona zexmeniae, geographic record)
Cockerell, T. D. A (1949). Bees from Central America, principally Honduras. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 98: 429-490 [490] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) zexmeniae, flower record: Aster (Compositae), geographic record)
Crane, E. (1999). The world history of beekeeping and honey hunting. New York: Routledge xxii+682 pp. [82, 289, 297] (? uncertain identity, as Cephalotrigona capitata, honey hunting, geographic record, beekeeping; ? uncertain identity, as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata, partim: México, Costa Rica, list, beekeeping, citation)
Friese, H. (1916). Zur bienenfauna von Costa Rica (Hym.). Stett. Entomol. Ztg. 77: 287-348 [288, 299] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona capitata and T. capitata vigilii, list, geographic record)
Gonzalez, J. A. (1984). Acerca de la regionalización de la nomenclatura maya de las abejas sin aguijón (Melipona sp) en Yucatán. Rev. Geogr. Agric. 5-6: 190-193 [191] (as Cephalotrigona capitata capitata, nesting sites: cavities in tree trunks, subterranean cavities, geographic records, maya folk names: "E'hol", "Ta'ah-Kab")
Griswold, T., Parker, F. D. & Hanson, P. E. (1995). The bees (Apidae) pp. 650-691 in Hanson, P. E. & Gauld, I. D. (ed.) The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. London: Natural History Museum 893 pp. [684, 689] (as Cephalotrigona capitata zexmeniae , nesting sites: ground, tree, nest characteristics, brood cells)
Heard, T. A. (1999). The role of stingless bees in crop pollination. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 44: 183-206 [186] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, flight range - citation)
Heithaus, E. R. (1979). Flower visitation records and resource overlap of bees and wasps in northwest Costa Rica. Brenesia 16: 9-52 [16, 30, 31, 32, 33, 41] (as Trigona capitata, geographic record, community, ecology, trophic niche, flower records: Hyptis suaveolens (Labiatae), Casearia nitida, C. sylvestris, Casearia sp., Prockia crucis (Flacourtiaceae), Bauhinia glabra, Caesalpinia eriostachys (Caesalpiniaceae), Aeschynomene americana, Andira inermis, Pterocarpus sp. (Papilionaceae), Tabebuia neochrysantha, Securidaca diversifolia (Bignoniaceae), Serjania atrolineata (Sapindaceae), Danaea humulia (Danaeaceae), Cordia inermis (Boraginaceae), Cayaponia attenuata (Cucurbitaceae), Callicophyllum [sic] candidissimum (Rubiaceae), Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae), Mimosa sp. (Mimosaceae), Helicteres guazumaefolia (Sterculiaceae), Melanthera aspera (Compositae), Cupania guatemalensis (Ericaceae), Allophyllus occidentalis (Sapindaceae), Roupala montana (Proteaceae), Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (Verbenaceae))
Hubbell, S. P. & Johnson, L. K. (1977). Competition and nest spacing in a tropical stingless bee community. Ecology 58: 949-963 [950, 951, 952, 954, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae and Trigona capitata, geographic record, foraging behavior, nest density, colony size estimation, nesting site: Calycophyllum candidissimum, nest relative abundance, nest spacing)
Hubbell, S. P. & Johnson, L. K. (1978). Comparative foraging behavior of six stingless bee species exploiting a standardized resource. Ecology 59 (6): 1123-1136 [1125] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae, geographic record, note)
Inoue, T. (1990). A trip in Yucatan - Melipoculture of Maya. Honeybee Science 11 (2): 49-58 [50, 51] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata, geographic record, beekeeping, rearing, figure)
Inoue, T., Salmah, S., Abbas, I. & Yusuf, E. (1985). Foraging behavior of individual workers and foraging dynamics of colonies of three Sumatran stingless bees. Res. Popul. Ecol. 27: 373-392 [386] (as Trigona capitata, flight range - citation)
Jarau, S., Hrncir, M., Zucchi, R. & Barth, F. G. (2000). Recruitment behavior in stingless bees, Melipona scutellaris and M. quadrifasciata. I. Foraging at food sources differing in direction and distance. Apidologie 31 (1): 81-91 [88] (as Trigona capitata, flight range - citation)
Johnson, L. K. & Hubbell, S. P. (1975). Contrasting foraging strategies and coexistence of two bee species on a single resource. Ecology 56: 1398-1406 [1402] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae, foraging, geographic record, flower record: Calycophyllum)
Jong, H. (1993). Stingless beekeeping in Costa Rica, an anthropological approach. Pegone 1: 4-6 [5] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, beekeeping, medicinal use of wax, folk name: "Tamaga")
Kerr, W. E. (1951). Bases para o estudo da genética de populações dos Hymenoptera em geral e dos Apinae sociais em particular. An. Esc. Sup. Agric. "Luiz de Queiroz" 8: 219-354 [274] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata zexmeniae, male aggregation, citation)
Lutz, F. E. & Cockerell, T. D. A (1920). Notes on distribution and bibliography of North American bees of the families Apidae, Meliponidae, Bombidae, Euglossidae, and Anthophoridae. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 42: 491-641 [496, 501] (as Trigona zexmeniae, geographic records, flower records: Zexmenia virgulata, Vernonia aschenborniana, citation; as Trigona capitata and Trigona capitata virgilii, partim: Costa Rica, geographic record, citation)
Maidl, F. (1934). Die Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Staatenbildenden Insekten. Vienna: Wagner ix + 823 pp. [664] (as Trigona capitata [*from Schwarz, 1948: 454])
Meléndez-Ramirez, V., Magaña-Rueda, S., Parra-Tabla, V., Ayala, R., & Navarro, J. (2002). Diversity of native bee visitors of cucurbit crops (Cucurbitaceae) in Yucatán, México. J. Insect Conservation 6: 135-147 [145] (relative abundance, geographic records, flower records: Cucurbita moschata, Cucumis sativus, Citrullus lanatus (Cucurbitaceae))
Michener, C. D. (1946). Notes on the habits of some panamanian stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). J. N. Y. Entomol. Soc. 54 (3): 179-197 [185] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae, fanning - citation)
Michener, C. D. (1954). Bees of Panamá. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 104 (1): 5-175 [167-168] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae, synonymy, taxonomic notes, diagnosis, geographic range, geographic records)
Michener, C. D. (1974). The social behavior of the bees. Cambridge: Belknap Press, Harvard University Press 404+xii pp. [7] (as Trigona capitata, partim, mandible, figure)
Michener, C. D. (1990). Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 54 (4): 75-164 [95, 100, 101, 105, 136, 139] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, partim, figures)
Michener, C. D. (2000). The bees of the World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 913 pp. [796] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, labial palpi, figure, citation)
Michener, C. D. & Brooks, R. W. (1984). Comparative study of the glossae of bees (Apoidea). Contrib. Amer. Ent. Inst. 22 (1): 1-73 [63] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae, morphology, glossa, list)
Michener, C. D. & Roubik, D. W. (1993). Observations on the labium of meliponine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) pp. 251-265 in Inoue, T. & Yamane, S. (ed.) Evolution of insect societies: Comparative sociology of bees, wasps and ants. Tokyo: Hakuhin-sha Publishing Co. [257, 258, 259] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, morphology, labium, figures)
Nates Parra, G. (1983). Abejas de Colombia: I. Lista preliminar de algunas especies de abejas sin aguijón (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 31 (1): 155-158 [155, 156] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona capitata and T. (Cephalotrigona) capitata, partim: Santa Marta (Magdalena) - citation, and Paime (Cundinamarca), geographic records)
Nates-Parra, G. (2001). Las abejas sin aguijón (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 2 (3): 233-248 [238, 244] (? uncertain identity, as Cephalotrigona capitata zexmeniae, partim: Cundinamarca, geographic range, altitudinal record, synonymy, citation)
Nieh, J. C. (2004). Recruitment communication in stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini). Apidologie 35: 159-182 [161] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, flight range, citation)
Nieuwstadt, M. G. L. & Ruano, C. E. (1996). Relation between size and foraging range in stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponinae). Apidologie 27: 219-228 [220, 222] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata, communication, scent trail, citation, flight range)
Nogueira-Neto, P. (1954). Notas bionômicas sôbre Meliponíneos III- Sôbre a enxameagem (Hymenoptera- Apoidea). Arquivos do Museu Nacional 42: 419-452 [426] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata zexmeniae, male aggregation, citation)
Nogueira-Neto, P. (1997). Vida e criação de abelhas indígenas sem ferrão. São Paulo: Editora Nogueirapis 1-446 pp. [111] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, nesting site: cavities in rocks)
Parra, G. (1984). Censo parcial de las abejas sin aguijon (Apidae-Meliponinae) del Occidente Colombiano. Cespedesia 13 (49-50): 277-290 [280] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) cf. capitata, geographic record, flower record: Lantana)
Pereboom, J. J. M. & Biesmeijer, J. C. (2003). Thermal constraints for stingless bee foragers: the importance of body size and coloration. Oecologia (Berl.) 137: 42-50 [43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, partim: except Guyana, body size, body coloration, thermal characteristics, taxonomic note, phylogeny - citation, habitat, geographic variation)
Roubik, D. W. (1981). Comparative foraging behavior of Apis mellifera and Trigona corvina (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Baltimora recta (Compositae). Revista de Biologia Tropical 29(2): 177-183 [178] (as Trigona capitata, geographic record, flower record: Baltimora recta (Compositae))
Roubik, D. W. (1983). Nest and colony characteristics of stingless bees from Panamá (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 53 (6): 327-355 [327, 330, 331-332, 333, 337, 341, 345, 346, 349, 350, 352] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata zexmeniae and T. capitata, geographic records, nesting site: tree cavity: Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae), nest characteristics, nest population, queen cells, honey, figure: nest entrance, flight range - citation)
Roubik, D. W. (1989). Ecology and natural history of tropical bees. New York: Cambridge University Press 1-514 +x pp. [60, 69, 85, 132, 416] (as Cephalotrigona capitata and C. capitata zexmeniae, mandible, imbibing rate, flight range, foraging activity, citation, figures)
Roubik, D. W. (1992). Stingless Bees: A guide to Panamanian and Mesoamerican species and their nests (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae) pp. 495-524 in Quintero, D. & A. Aiello (ed.) Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica. Selected Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press 692 pp. [502, 503, 508, 510, 515, 523] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata zexmeniae and T. (C.) capitata, key, figures, geographic range, diagnosis, nesting site: in living or dead trees, nest entrance, defense behavior, folk name: "cacique")
Roubik, D. W. (1993). Direct costs of forest reproduction, bee-cycling and the efficiency of pollination modes. Journal of Biosciences 18 (4): 537-553 [548] (as Cephalotrigona capitata zexmeniae, habitat, geographic range, nest abundance)
Roubik, D. W. (2000). The de-flowering of Central America: a current perspective pp. 144-151 in International Bee Research Association (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates. Cardiff: IBRA [146] (list)
Roubik, D. W. & Aluja, M. (1983). Flight ranges of Melipona and Trigona in tropical forest. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 56 (2): 217-222 [217-222] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata, geographic record, nesting site: tree cavities, nest population, habitat, behavior, flight range, directional orientation)
Roubik, D. W. & Moreno, J. E. (1990). Social bees and palm trees: what do pollen diets tell us? pp. 427-428 in Veeresh, G. K., Mallik, B. & Viraktamath, C. A. (ed.) Social insects and the environment: proceedings of the 11th international congress of IUSSI, Bangalore, India. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. xxxi+765 pp. [428] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata, pollen record: Palmae)
Roubik, D. W. & Moreno, J. E. (2000). Pollen specialization and generalization by stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) pp. 112–118 in International Bee Research Association (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Apiculture in Tropical Climates. Cardiff: IBRA [112, 113, 114, 115, 116] (as Cephalotrigona capitata zexmeniae, body size, honey, ethnobiology, faecal deposit, pollen weight, pollen abundance, pollen records: Bignoniaceae, Chamaedorea, Cochlospermum, Asteraceae, Hyeronima, Iriartea, Luehea, Muntingia, Paspalum, Piper, Posoqueria, Pterocarpus, Serjania, Stigmaphyllon, Ulmaceae, pollen types similarity, pollen volume)
Roubik, D. W. & Wheeler, Q. D. (1982). Flightless beetles and stingless bees: phoresy of Scotocryptine beetles (Leiodidae) on their meliponine hosts (Apidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 55 (1): 125-135 [127] (as Trigona capitata, inquiline: Scotocryptus (Leiodidae))
Roubik, D. W., Yanega, D., Aluja S., M., Buchmann, S. L. & Inouye, D. W. (1995). On optimal nectar foraging by some tropical bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Apidologie 26: 197-211 [199, 203, 204, 205] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, body size, nectar foraging, sugar concentration, calories imbibing)
Ruano, C. E. (1999). Preliminary data on meliponiculture in the east and central El Salvador. Pegone 1999: 19-21 [20] (? uncertain identity, as Cephalotrigona capitata, geographic record, folk name: "tamagá")
Sakagami, S. F., Roubik, D. W. & Zucchi, R. (1993). Ethology of the robber stingless bee, Lestrimelitta limao (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Sociobiology 21 (2): 237-277 [243] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) zexmeniae, Lestrimelitta raid)
Salt, G. (1929). A contribution to the ethology of the Meliponinae. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 77 (2): 431-470 [431, 435, 438, 441-442, 455, 461] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona capitata zexmeniae, geographic record, nesting site: hollow tree trunk: Persea gratissima, nest characteristics, wax secretion, behavior, folk name: "mosca boba", fanning, parasite: Pseudohypocera nigrofascipes, flower records: Tribulus cistoides, relative abundance, nests association)
Schwarz, H. F. (1932). The genus Melipona the type genus of the Meliponidae or stingless bees. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 63 (4): 231-460 [244] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae, queen cells, nest characteristics, citation)
Schwarz, H. F. (1948). Stingless bees (Meliponidae) of the Western Hemisphere. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 90: xvii+546 [4, 5, 19, 26, 27, 44, 47, 50, 56, 57, 62, 69, 72, 102, 116,] (446, 451, 454-459, 474; as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata zexmeniae, queen cells, nest characteristics, wax secretion, protandry, behavior, fanning, nest aggregation, nesting site: in hollow trunk, folk name: "mosca boca", pollen, flower records: Zexmenia virgulta, Vernonia aschenborniana, honey - citation, body color, hamuli, key, synonymy, diagnosis, redescription, taxonomy, geographic records, geographic range)
Schwarz, H. F. (1949). The stingless bees (Meliponidae) of Mexico. An. Inst. Biol. Mex. 20 (1,2): 357-370 [363, 369] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata zexmeniae, list, geographic records, key)
Smith-Pardo, A. H. (2003). A preliminary account of the bees of Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): present knowledge and future directions. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 76 (2): 335-341 [338] (list)
Vergara, C. B., Villa, A. L. & Nates-Parra, G. (1986). Nidificación de meliponinos (Hymenoptera: Apidae) de la región central de Colombia. Revista de Biologia Tropical 34(2): 181-184 [183] (? uncertrain identity, as Cephalotrigona capitata, partim: Paime, geographic record, nesting site: cavities in trees, nest characteristics)
Villa, A. & Vergara, C. (1982). Contribución al estudio de los hábitos de nidificación de algunas especies de abejas nativas sin aguijón (Hymenóptera, Apidae). Scientia 1 (2): 147-163 [150, 156, 158] (as Cephalotrigona capitata, partim: Paime, geographic record, nesting site: tree cavities, nest characteristics, altitudinal range)
Vit, P., Medina, M. & Enríquez, M. E. (2004). Quality standards for medicinal uses of Meliponinae honey in Guatemala, Mexico and Venezuela. Bee World 85 (1): 2-5 [3] (folk name: "congo", geographic record, beekeeping)
Wille, A. (1961). Las abejas jicotes de Costa Rica. Revista de la Universidad de Costa Rica 22: 1-30 [7, 17, 25] (as Trigona capitata, folk name: "picúsaro", taxonomic characters, honey pots, defense behavior)
Wille, A. (1961). Evolutionary trends in the ventral nerve cord of stingless bees (Meliponini). Revista de Biologia Tropical 9 (1): 117-129 [117, 119, 121] (as Trigona capitata zexmeniae and T. capitata, list, ventral nerve cord, ganglions)
Wille, A. (1976). Las abejas jicotes del género Melipona (Apidae: Meliponini). Rev. Biol. Trop. 24 (1): 123-147 [133] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata, color variation)
Wille, A. (1979). Phylogeny and relationships among the genera and subgenera of the stingless bees (Meliponinae) of the world. Revista de Biologia Tropical 27 (2): 241-277 [247] (as Trigona capitata, hamuli)
Wille, A. (1983). Biology of the stingless bees. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 28: 41-64 [54, 60, 62] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata zexmeniae and T. (C.) capitata, flight range, honey, chemical defense)
Wille, A. & C. D. Michener (1973). The nest architecture of stingless bees with special reference to those of Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop. 21 (Suplemento 1): 1-278 [13, 23, 34, 46, 57, 69, 80, 172-173, 178, 265] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata zexmeniae, synonymy, nesting site: tree cavity, in Pithecolobium saman, geographic record, nest characteristics, figure, honey, aggressiveness)
Wille, A., Orozco, E. & Raabe, C. (1983). Polinización del chayote Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz en Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical 31 (1): 145-154 [146] (as Trigona (Cephalotrigona) capitata sexmaniae [sic], pollination record: Sechium edule (Cucurbitaceae), geographic records, altitudinal records)
Online since: 23 Jul 2008
Last update : 17 Jul 2023