Trigona pallens (Fabricius, 1798)
Common Names: "cutia-o-de-purga", "cutião de purga", "colatakwa", "tuu", "myre", "oloman-oni", "lebi", "redi-oni"
Apis pallens
Fabricius, J. C. (1798). Supplementum Entomologiae systematicae. Hafniae: Proft et Storch 1-572 pp. [276, 110-111] .
Type data: holotype ZMUC <F> worker (Lacking the head, according to Moure, 1960:155).
Type locality: Cayenne, French Guiana, Dom. Richard.
Apis pallida
Latreille, P. A. (1804). Notice des espèces d'abeilles vivant en grande société, et formant des cellules haxagones, ou des abeilles proprement dites. Ann. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. 5: 174-178 [177, plate 13, figure 14] (junior subjective synonym) .
Type data: holotype OUM <F> worker (The probable type specimen is deposited in Oxford according to Cockerell, 1922:8 and Schwarz, 1948: 299. However Latreille, 1811: 294 mentioned as depository museum the MNHP).
Type locality: Cayenne, French Guiana.
Aphaneura rufescens
Gray, G. (1832). [New genera and species] pp. 575-575 in Griffith, E. & Pidgeon, E. (ed.) Class Insecta, arranged by Baron Cuvier, with supplementary additions to each order, and notices of new genera and species by George Gray [in: Griffith, E., The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization by the Baron Cuvier, member of the Institute of France, etc., with supplementary additions to each order, vol. 15] Vol. 2. London: Whittaker, Treacher, and Co. 796 pp. [575] (junior subjective synonym) .
Type data: neotype SEMK <F> worker.
Subsequent designation: Michener, C. D. (1994). Some genus-group names of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 67 (4): 373-377 [374] .
Type locality: Santa Maria do Boiaçú, Roraima, Brazil, 18-20.VIII.1980 (SA 20) 61º47'W, 0º30'S, Camargo & Mazucato leg..
Trigona mellea
Smith, F. (1863). Descriptions of Brazilian Honey Bees belonging to the Genera Melipona and Trigona, which were exhibited, together with Samples of their Honey and Wax, in the Brazilian Court of the International Exhibition of 1862. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond. 11: 497-512 [510] (junior subjective synonym of Trigona pallens (Fabricius, 1798), according to Schwarz, 1948: 299) .
Type data: syntype BMNH <F> workers (4) (According to Schwarz, 1948: 299, 4 workers in Smith's collection, one of them with label of "Cutia o de purga" besides the scientific name, are probably from type series) , syntype whereabouts unknown <F> workers (6).
Type locality: Brazil.
Trigona kohli
Friese, H. (1900). Neue arten der Bienengattungen Melipona Ill. Und Trigona Jur. Természetr. Füz. 23: 381-394 [387] (junior subjective synonym) .
Type data: lectotype HNHM 685./63 <F> worker (The other types, from Colombia, Cayenne, Surinam and Pará, Brazil are unknow) , paralectotype HNHM 685./63, 588./258. <F> workers (2) , paralectotype ZMB <F> workers (1?).
Subsequent designation: Camargo, J. M. F. & Pedro, S. R. M. (2007). Meliponini Lepeletier, 1836 pp. 272-578 in Moure, J. S., Urban, D. & Melo, G. A. R. (ed.) Catalogue of Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in the Neotropical Region. Curitiba: Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia xiv + 1058 pp. [554] (lectotype designated by Claus Rasmussen, 29.III.2006, in litt.) .
Type locality: Pebas, Peru.
Etymology: homage to Custus F. F. Kohl.
Trigona (Trigona) amapana
Schwarz, H. F. (1948). Stingless bees (Meliponidae) of the Western Hemisphere. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 90: xvii+546 [312] (junior subjective synonym) .
Type data: holotype AMNH <M> male (1) , paratype AMNH <M> males (3).
Type locality: Amapá, Brazil, Ducke leg..
Taxonomic Decision for Synonymy
Cockerell, T. D. A (1920). Some neotropical meliponid bees. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 42: 459-468 [463]
Lepeletier, A. L. M. (1836). Histoire Naturelle des Insectes- Hyménoptères. Paris: Roret Vol. 1 1-547 pp. [432]
Michener, C. D. (1994). Some genus-group names of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 67 (4): 373-377 [374]
Moure, J. S. (1960). Notes on the types of the Neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Stud. Entomol. (Rio de Janeiro) 3 (1-4): 97-160 [155]
Roubik, D. W. (1992). Stingless Bees: A guide to Panamanian and Mesoamerican species and their nests (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae) pp. 495-524 in Quintero, D. & A. Aiello (ed.) Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica. Selected Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press 692 pp. [507]
Schwarz, H. F. (1948). Stingless bees (Meliponidae) of the Western Hemisphere. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 90: xvii+546 [291]
Distribution
Neotropical Region: Brazil (Acre, Amapá [Calçoene, Macapá, Oiapoque], Amazonas [Manaus, São Paulo De Olivença], Goiás, Maranhão [Alcântara, Barreirinhas, Buriticupu, Carutapera, Chapadinha, Codó, São Luís, Vitória Do Mearim], Pará [Anajás, Belém, Bragança, Chaves, Conceição Do Araguaia, Cumaru Do Norte, Itaituba, Monte Alegre, Oriximiná, Santarém], Rondônia [Porto Velho], Roraima [Rorainópolis], Tocantins [Esperantina, Gurupi, Nova Olinda, Piraquê, Wanderlândia]), Colombia (Amazonas, Caquetá, Meta), French Guiana (Kourou), Guyana (Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo), Peru (Loreto, Madre de Dios), Suriname (Brokopondo, Marowijne, Saramacca)
References
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Albuquerque, P. M. C., Ferreira, R. G., Rêgo, M. M. C., Santos, C. S. & Brito, C. M. S. (2001). Levantamento da fauna de abelhas silvestres (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) na região da "Baixada maranhense": Vitória do Mearim, MA, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 31 (3): 419-430 [421, 422, 423, 425] (as Trigona pallens and Trigona pallens pallens, geographic record, relative abundance)
Albuquerque, P. M. C. & Rêgo, M. M. C. (1989). Fenologia das abelhas visitantes de Murici (Byrsonima crassifolia, Malpighiaceae). Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi, sér. Zool. 5 (2): 163-178 [167, 168, 169, 170, 175] (oil, pollen collecting, flower record: Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae), phenology, daily activity)
Almeida, R.P.S., Arruda, F.V., Silva, D.P., & Coelho, B.W.T. (2019). Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in an Ecotonal Cerrado-Amazon Region in Brazil. Sociobiology 66 (3): 457-466 [461] (Distribution record)
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Blanchard, C. E. (1849). Melipona, Méliponites pp. 85-98 in Orbigny, C. (ed.) Dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle Vol. 8. Paris: . 89-98th Edn [86] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona pallida [*from Schwarz, 1948: 291])
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Cabrera Becerra, G. & Nates-Parra, G. (1999). Uso de las abejas por comunidades indígenas: los Nukak y las abejas sin aguijón pp. 59-70 in Nates-Parra, G. (ed.) Programa, Resúmenes y Memorias III Reunión de la IUSSI Bolivariana. Santafé de Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia 122 pp. [63, 64, 66, 68] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona (Trigona) pallens, ethnobiology, Nukak indians, folk name: "tuu", nesting site: in termite nest, honey)
Camargo, J. M. F. (1984). Notas sobre os hábitos de nidificação de Scaura (Scaura) latitarsis (Friese) (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae). Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi, sér. Zool. 1 (1): 89-95 [90] (nesting site: in termite nest, citation)
Camargo, J. M. F. (1988). Meliponinae (Hymenoptera, Apidae) da coleção do "Istituto di Entomologia Agraria", Portici, Itália. Rev. Bras. Entomol. 32 (3/4): 351–374 [367, 368] (as Trigona pallens and "Trigona Kohli", citation, taxonomic notes, geographic records)
Camargo, J. M. F. (1994). Biogeografia de Meliponini (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae): a fauna amazônica pp. 46-59 in Zucchi, R., Drumond, P. M., Fernandes-da-Silva, P. G. & Augusto, S. C. (ed.) Anais do I Encontro Sobre Abelhas. Ribeirão Preto: Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo xx+308 pp. [50, 53] (list, nest, nesting site: in termite nests in hollows of tree trunks)
Camargo, J. M. F. & Pedro, S. R. M. (2004). Meliponini neotropicais: o gênero Ptilotrigona Moure (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Apinae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 48 (3): 353-377 [366] (interspecific nest aggregation, geographic record)
Camargo, J. M. F. & Roubik, D. W. (1991). Systematics and bionomics of the apoid obligate necrophages: the Trigona hypogea group (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Meliponinae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 44: 13-39 [27] (interspecific nest aggregation)
Cameron, S. A. (1993). Multiple origins of advanced eusociality in bees inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of 90: 8687-8691 [8687, 8689] (? uncertain identity, molecular analysis, DNA, phylogeny)
Chavarria, G. & Carpenter, J. M. (1994). "Total evidence" and the evolution of highly social bees. Cladistics 10: 229-258 [239, 240, 241, 242, 245, 248, 249, 255] (? uncertain identity, molecular analysis, DNA, morphology, phylogeny, citation)
Cockerell, T. D. A (1907). Some bees in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Univ. Colo. Stud. 5(1): 35-39 [36] (as Trigona mellea, comparative note)
Cockerell, T. D. A (1912). New bees from Brazil. Psyche 19: 41-61 [61] (as Trigona pallida, geographic record)
Cockerell, T. D. A (1917). New social bees. Psyche 24: 120-128 [124] (as Trigona mellea and Trigona pallida, comparative notes)
Cockerell, T. D. A (1920). Some neotropical meliponid bees. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 42: 459-468 [460, 463-464] (as Trigona pallida, partim [except specimens from Panama, see also Trigona muzoensis Schwarz], geographic records, foraging behavior, collecting on carcass, necrophagy, key, ethnobiology, Patamona [sic?] Ackawoi indians, folk name: "colatakwa", synonymy, taxonomic note)
Cockerell, T. D. A. (1922). Bees in the collection of the United States National Museum. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 60 (18): 1-20 [8] (as Trigona pallida, partim, notes on the type of Latreille)
Costa-Neto, D.J., Valadares, M.S., Silva-Costa, E.S. & Souto, J.N. (2016). Levantamento da fauna de abelhas sem ferrão no estado do Tocantins. Acta Biol. Catarinense 3 (2): 138-148 [143] (Distribution record)
Cruz-Landim, C. & Mota, M. H. V. B. (1990). Occurrence of tegumentary glands in stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae) pp. 587-588 in Veeresh, G. K., Mallik, B. & Viraktamath, C. A. (ed.) Social insects and the environment: proceedings of the 11th international congress of IUSSI, Bangalore, India. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. xxxi+765 pp. [587] (tegumentary glands)
Cruz-Landim, C. & Serrão, J. E. (1994). The evolutive significance of pollen use as protein resource by Trigonini bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae). J. Adv. Zool. 15 (1): 1-5 [1, 2] (pollen digestion, figure)
Dalla Torre C. G. de (1896). Catalogus Hymenopterorum; Hucusque Descriptorum Systematicus et Synonymicus. Leipzig: Engelmann Vol. 10 viii+1–643 pp. [311,580, 582] (as Euglossa pallens, Melipona mellea and Melipona pallida, list)
Dijn, B. P. E. & Koanting, E. (1999). The knowledge of stingless bees, or tyandaaman, at the Maroon village of Nieuw Koffiekamp in Suriname, South America. Pegone ?: 15-17 [16] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens, geographic record, ethnobiology, Maroon indians, nesting site: base of large tree, folk name: "oloman oni", "lebi" "redi oni")
Ducke, A. (1901). Beobachtungen über Blütenbesuch, Erscheinungszeit etc. der bei Pará vorkommenden Bienen. Z. Syst. Hymenopterol. Dipterol. 1: 49-67 [65] (? uncertain identity, as Melipona kohli, flower records: Waltheria, Papilionaceae, Urena, geographic records)
Ducke, A. (1902). Die stachellosen Bienen (Melipona Ill.) von Pará, nach dem Materiale der Sammlung des Museu Goeldi beschrieben. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 17: 285-328 [290, 303] (? uncertain identity, as Melipona (Trigona) kohlii [sic], partim [see also Trigona chanchamayoensis Schwarz], key, nesting site: in tree trunk, aggressive behavior)
Ducke, A. (1902). Beobachtungen über Blütenbesuch, Erscheinungszeit etc. der bei Pará vorkommenden Bienen. Allg. Z. Entomol. 7 (20): 417-422 [420] (? uncertain identity, as Melipona kohli, flower records: Waltheria, Papilionaceae, Urena, geographic records)
Ducke, A. (1907). Contribution a la connaissance de la faune Hyménoptérologique du Nord-Est du Brésil. Revue d' Entomologie 26: 73-96 [89] (as Trigona Kohli [sic], geographic record)
Ducke, A. (1910). Zur Synonymie der neotropischen Apidae. (Hym.). Dtsch. Entomol. Z. 6 (4): 362-369 [368] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona pallida, taxonomic note)
Ducke, A. (1916). Enumeração dos Hymenopteros colligidos pela Comissão e Revisão das espécies de abelhas do Brasil. Comm. Lin. Teleg. Estr. M. Gr. ao Amazonas 35: 3-171 [35, 124, 127, 129] (as Melipona Kohli [sic], partim [see also Trigona chanchamayoensis Schwarz], diagnosis, geographic records, nesting site: hollow of tree, aggressiveness, geographic range [unnumbered table after page 28])
Ducke, A. (1925). Die stachellosen Bienen (Melipona) Brasiliens, Nach morphologischen und ethologischen Merkmalen geordnet. Zool. Jahrb. Abt. Syst. Geogr. Biol. Tiere 49: 335-448 [344, 354, 415, 416] (as Melipona Kohli [sic], partim [see also Trigona chanchamayoensis Schwarz], diagnosis, geographic records, nesting site: hollow of tree, aggressiveness, geographic range)
Engel, M. S. & Dingemans-Bakels, F. (1980). Nectar and pollen resources for stingless bees (Meliponinae, Hymenoptera) in Surinam (South America). Apidologie 11 (4): 341-350 [345] (flower records: Asystasia epc. (Acanthaceae), Begonia spec. (Bignoniaceae), Cassia ramosa (Caesalpiniaceae),Wulffia baccata (Compositae), Convolvulus spec. (Convolvulaceae), Malpighiaceae, Hyospathe elegans (Palmae), Borreria latifolia (Rubiaceae))
Erichson, W. F. (1841). Bericht über die Leistungen in der Naturgeschichte der Insecten, Arachniden, Crustaceen und Entomostraceen während des Jahres 1840. Archiv für Naturgeschichte 7 (2): 218-219 [219] (as Trigona pallida [*from Schwarz, 1948: 291])
Erichson, W. F. (1848). Insecten pp. 553-593 in Schomburgk, R. (ed.) Reisen in Britisch-Guiana in den Jahren 1840-1844. Versuch einer Fauna und Flora von Britisch-Guiana Vol. 3. Leipzig: Weber, J. J. [592] (as Melipona pallida and Melipona pallens, list)
Fabricius, J. C. (1804). Systema Piezatorum secundum ordines, genera, species, adjectis synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Brunsvigae: Reichard 1-439 pp. [364] (as Euglossa pallens, diagnosis)
Ferreira, L.A.C., Martins, D.C., Rêgo, M.M.C. & Albuquerque, P.M.C. (2019). Richness of Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a Forest Remnant in a Transition Region of Eastern Amazonia. Psyche (Camb.) 5356104: 1-11 [4] (Distribution record)
Franceschinelli, E.V., Bergamini, L.L., Silva-Neto, C.L., Elias, M.A.S., Moreira, G.L., Morais, J.M. & Mesquita-Neto, J.N. (2019). Native bee fauna of tomato crops: a comparison of active sampling and pan trapping methods. Iheringia, Sér. Zool. 109: 1-7 [4] (Distribution record)
Friese, H. (1899). Monographie der Bienengattung Euglossa Latr. Természetr. Füz. 22: 117-172 [168] (as Euglossa pallens, list)
Gonçalves-Alvim, S. J. (2001). Resin-collecting bees (Apidae) on Clusia palmicida (Clusiaceae) in a riparian forest in Brazil. J. Trop. Ecol. 17: 149-153 [150] (geographic record, behavior, resin colleting: Clusia palmicida (Clusiaceae))
Gonçalves, S. J. M., Rêgo, M. & Araújo, A. (1996). Abelhas sociais (Hymenoptera: Apidae) e seus recursos florais em uma região de mata secundária, Alcântara, MA, Brasil. Acta Amazonica 26 (1/2): 55-68 [57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63] (geographic record, relative abundance, phenology, daily activity, behavior, corolla damaging, flower record: Crotalaria retusa (Leguminosae), Mandevilla sp. (Apocynaceae), Irlbachia alata (Gentianaceae))
González, V. H. (2000). Meliponini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) del noroccidente del departamento del Caquetá, Colombia: lista preliminar y perspectivas en su explotación. Tacaya 10: 6-8 [8] (? uncertain identity, list)
Gribodo, G. (1894). Matériaux our servir a l'étude de la faune entomologique du Chili. Actes Soc. Sci. Chili 4: 200-201 [200-201] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona pallida [error, it does not exist in Chili; *from Schwarz, 1948: 271, 291])
Herbst, P. (1921). Über einige chilenische Hymenopteren, welche Gribodo erwähnt. Stett. Entomol. Ztg. 82: 102-107 [102] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona pallida [citation of Gribodo 1894, Trigona pallens does not exist in Chile; *from Schwarz, 1948: 271, 292])
Ihering, R. (2002). Dicionário dos animais do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: DIFEL 1-588 + 12 plates pp. [201] (as Trigona kohli and Melipona pallida, partim, citation)
Lamarck, J. B. P. A. M. (1817). Histoire naturelle des animaux san vertebres, presentant les caractres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principlaes especes qui s'y rapprotant. Paris: Deterville Vol. 4 603 pp. [53] (as Melipona pallida [*from Schwarz, 1948: 291])
Lamarck, J. B. P. A. M. (1835). Histoire naturelle des animaux san vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres, et la citation des principales especes qui s'y rapprotant [revised and argumented with notes by G. P. Deshayes and H. Milne Edwards]. Paris: J. B. Bailliere, Librarie 2nd Edn Vol. 4 587 pp. [273] (as Melipona pallida [*from Schwarz, 1948: 291])
Laroca, S. & M. C. Almeida (1994). O relicto de cerrado de Jaguariaíva, (Paraná, Brasil): I. padrões biogeográficos, melissocenoses e flora melissófila. Acta Biol. Paranaense (Curitiba) 23 (1,2,3,4): 89-101 [101] (as Trigona amapana and Trigona pallens, habitat, citation)
Latreille, P. A. (1809). Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum secundum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, inconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata.. Paris and Strasbourg: Armand Koenig Vol. 4 178, 182-183 pp. [183] (as Trigona pallida [*from Schwarz, 1948])
Latreille, P. A. (1811). Insectes de l'Amérique Équinoxiale, recueillis pendant le voyage de MM. Humboldt et Bonpland pp. 173-174, 260-297 in Humboldt, F. H. A. & Bonpland, A. J. A. (ed.) Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du noveau continent, fait en 1799-1804. Recueil d' observations de zoollogie et d' anatomie comparée, faites dans l' océan Atlantique, dans l' intérieur du nouveau continent et dans le Mer du Sud pendant les années 1799, 1800, 1801, 1802 et 1803 Vol. 1. Paris: F. Schoell & G. Dufour 352 pp. [294, 296, 297] (as Trigona pallida, and "trigone pále", synonymy, diagnosis, figures: plate 20, figures F and 6)
Lepeletier, A. L. M. (1836). Histoire Naturelle des Insectes- Hyménoptères. Paris: Roret Vol. 1 1-547 pp. [432] (as Melipona pallida, diagnosis, synonymy, taxonomic notes)
Lopes, A. V. & Machado, I. C. (1998). Floral biology and reproductive ecology of Clusia nemorosa (Clusiaceae) in northeastern Brazil. Plant Systematics and Evolution 213: 71-90 [82] (? uncertain identity, resin collecting: Clusia odorata (Clusiaceae), citation)
Lutz, F. E. (1924). Some characters of American Meliponidae pp. 202-232 in Lutz, F. E. Apparently non-selective characters and combinations of characters, including a study of ultraviolet in relation to the flower visiting habits of insects. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 29: 181–283 [205, 209, 210, 216] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona kohli and Trigona pallida, morphology, taxonomic characters, mandible, tibia)
Lutz, F. E. & Cockerell, T. D. A (1920). Notes on distribution and bibliography of North American bees of the families Apidae, Meliponidae, Bombidae, Euglossidae, and Anthophoridae. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 42: 491-641 [499-500] (as Trigona pallida, partim [except references to Panama - see Trigona muzoensis Schwarz, and Coxipó, Cuiabá and Urucum - see Trigona chanchamayoensis Schwarz], synonymy, geographic records)
Maidl, F. (1934). Die Lebensgewohnheiten und Instinkte der Staatenbildenden Insekten. Vienna: Wagner ix + 823 pp. [392] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona kohli [*from Schwarz, 1948: 292])
Marianno, J. (1911). Ensaio sobre as Meliponidas do Brasil.. Rio de Janeiro: edição do autor 1-140 pp. [112-113] (as Trigona kohli, diagnosis [partim, transcription from Ducke, 1902], aggressive behavior, flower records: Urena lobata, Walhteria americana, citation)
Maués, M. M. (2002). Reproductive phenology and pollination of the Brazil nut stree [sic] (Bertholletia excelsa Humb. & Bonpl. Lecythidaceae) in eastern Amazonia pp. 245-254 in Kevan, P. G. & Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L. (ed.) Pollinating bees: the conservation link between agriculture and nature. Brasília: Ministry of Environment 313 pp. [251, 252] (flower record: Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae), daily activity)
Melo, G.A.R. (2006). Apidae (Subtribos Meliponina e Euglossina) da Região dos Lagos do Amapá pp. 123-130 in Costa-Neto, S.V. (ed.) Inventário Biológico das Áreas do Sucuriju e Região dos Lagos, no Amapá: Relatório Final PROBIO. Macapá: IEPA 218 pp. [126] (Distribution record, as Trigona pallens)
Michener, C. D. (1990). Classification of the Apidae (Hymenoptera). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 54 (4): 75-164 [101, 102] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens, figure: labial palpi, taxonomic character)
Michener, C. D. (1994). Some genus-group names of bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 67 (4): 373-377 [373, 374, 375] (synonymy, designation of the neotype of Aphaneura rufescens Gray, taxonomic notes)
Michener, C. D. (1997). Genus-group names of bees and supplemental family-group names. Scientific Papers, Natural History Museum, The Uni 1: 1-81 [6, 8] (as Aphaneura rufescens, genus type species)
Michener, C. D. (2000). The bees of the World. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press 913 pp. [803] (as Apis pallens, synonymy)
Michener, C. D. & Roubik, D. W. (1993). Observations on the labium of meliponine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) pp. 251-265 in Inoue, T. & Yamane, S. (ed.) Evolution of insect societies: Comparative sociology of bees, wasps and ants. Tokyo: Hakuhin-sha Publishing Co. [259, 260] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens, morphology, labial palpi, figure)
Michener, C. D., Winston, M. L. & Jander, R. (1978). Pollen manipulation and related activities and structures in bees of the family Apidae. Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 51 (19): 575-601 [578,581,582, 583, 585, 586, 588, 590,591,592] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallida, geographic record, flower record: Ipomoea, Cassia, pollen foraging behavior, pollen loading, figures: hind tibia, morphology, tibia, basitarsus)
Mota, M. H. V. B. (1992). Estudo comparativo das glândulas epidérmicas do abdômen dos meliponíneos (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae). [thesis abstract] pp. 320-322 in Soares, A. E. E. & De Jong, D. (ed.) Pesquisas com abelhas no Brasil. Ribeirão Preto: Revista Brasileira de Genética 680 pp. [320, 321] (epidermal glands)
Moure, J. S. (1944). Abejas del Perú. Bol. Mus.Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado" 8 (28, 29): 67-75 [73] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona pallida pallida, list)
Moure, J. S. (1950). Contribuição para o conhecimento das espécies brasileiras de Hypotrigona Cockerell (Hymen., Apoidea). Dusenia 1 (4): 241-260 [257] (as Trigona pallida, comparative note)
Moure, J. S. (1950). Notas sobre alguns Meliponinae da Guiana Franceza (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Dusenia 1 (5): 297-303 [302] (as Trigona pallida pallida, synonymy, geographic record, hamuli)
Moure, J. S. (1960). Notes on the types of the Neotropical bees described by Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Stud. Entomol. (Rio de Janeiro) 3 (1-4): 97-160 [155-156] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens pallens, synonymy, notes on type, taxonomic note)
Nates-Parra, G. (2001). Las abejas sin aguijón (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana 2 (3): 233-248 [240] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona (Trigona) pallens pallens, partim, geographic range, altitudinal range)
Nates Parra, G. & Cepeda, O. I. (1983). Comportamiento defensivo en algunas especies de meliponinos colombianos (Hymenoptera: Meliponinae). Bol. Depto. Biol. Univ. Nac. Colombia 1 (5): 65-82 [69, 72, 73] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona (Trigona) pallens pallens, defense behavior)
Nogueira-Neto, P. (1970). Behavior problems related to the pillages made by some parasitic stingless bees (Meliponinae, Apidae) pp. 416-434 in Aronson, L., Tobach, E., Lehrman, D. & Rosenblatt, J (ed.) Development and evolution of behavior. Essays in Memory of T. C. Schneirla. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co. 656 pp. [32, 33, 34] (synonymy)
Nogueira-Neto, P. (1997). Vida e criação de abelhas indígenas sem ferrão. São Paulo: Editora Nogueirapis 1-446 pp. [247] (? uncertain identity, facultative necrophagy, citation)
Peckolt, T. (1893). Ueber brasilianische Bienen. Natur 42: 579-581 [580] (? uncertain identity, as Melipona mellea, folk name: "urussu preta" [error])
Peckolt, T. (1894). Ueber brasilianische Bienen. Natur 43: 87-91, 223-225, 233-234 [90] (? uncertain identity, as Melipona mellea, folk name: "urussu preta", "cutião de purga" [error])
Perty, J. A. M. (1833). De insectorum in America meridionali habitantium vitae genere, moribus ac distributione geographica observationes nonnullae pp. 25-29 in Spix, J. B. & Martius, C. F. P. (ed.) Delectus animalium articulatorum, quae in itinere per Brasiliam annis 1817 et 1820. Munich: . . pp. [26] (as Trigona pallida [*from Schwarz, 1948: 291])
Posey, D. A. (1983). Keeping of stingless bees by the Kayapó indians of Brazil. J. Ethnobiol. 3 (1): 63-73 [66, 71] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens pallens, geographic record, ethnobiology, Kayapó indians, folk name: "myre", wax uses, honey, aggressiveness)
Posey, D. A. (1986). Etnoentomologia de tribos indígenas da Amazônia [in large part translation of Posey & Camargo, 1985] pp. 251-271 in Ribeiro, D. (ed.), Ribeiro, B. G. (coord.) (ed.) Suma Etnológica Brasileira, 1 Etnobiologia. Petrópolis: Ed. Vozes / FINEP 302 pp. [257] (geographic record, ethnobiology, kayapó indians, folk name: "m`yre", wax uses, honey, aggressiveness)
Ramalho, M., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L. & Kleinert-Giovannini, A. (1991). Ecologia nutricional de abelhas sociais pp. 225-252 in Panizzi, A. R. & Parra, J. R. P. (ed.) Ecologia nutricional de insetos e suas implicações no manejo de pragas. São Paulo: Editora Manole Ltda. / CNPq 359 pp. [242] (necrophagy, citation)
Ramalho, M., Kleinert-Giovannini, A. & Imperatriz-Fonseca, V. L. (1990). Important bee plants for stingless bees (Melipona and Trigonini) and Africanized honeybees (Apis mellifera) in neotropical habitats: a review. Apidologie 21: 469-488 [471, 473] (pollen, habitat, citation)
Rebêlo, J. M. M., Rêgo, M. M. C. & Albuquerque, P. M. C. (2003). Abelhas (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) da região setentrional do Estado do Maranhão, Brasil pp. 265-278 in Melo, G. A. R. & Alves-dos-Santos, I. (ed.) Apoidea Neotropica: Homenagem aos 90 anos de Jesus Santiago Moure. Criciúma: Editora UNESC 320 pp. [268, 273, 275] (geographic range [partim], geographic records, habitat, relative abundance)
Rego, M. M. C. (1992). Comportamento das abelhas polinizadoras do "murici" Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth (Malpighiaceae). [monograph abstract] pp. 381-382 in Soares, A. E. E. & De Jong, D. (ed.) Pesquisas com abelhas no Brasil. Ribeirão Preto: Revista Brasileira de Genética 680 pp. [382] (as Trigona pallens pallens, oil collecting, flower record: Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae))
Rêgo, M. & Brito, C. (1996). Abelhas sociais (Apidae: Meliponini) em um ecossistema de cerrado s.l. (Chapadinha - MA, BR): distribuição dos ninhos pp. 238-247 in Garófalo, C. A., Soares, A. E. E., Paulino-Simões, Z. L. & Camillo, E. (ed.) Anais do II Encontro sobre Abelhas. Ribeirão Preto: Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto xxii+351 pp. [239, 240, 244, 246] (geographic record, nesting site: in termite nest in hollow of tree: Salvertia convallariodora (Vochysiaceae), interspecific nest aggregation, nest distribution)
Rêgo, M. M. C. & Albuquerque, P. M. C. (1989). Comportamento das abelhas visitantes de Murici, Byrsonima crassifolia (L.) Kunth, Malpighiaceae. Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi, sér. Zool. 5 (2): 179-193 [185, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191] (foraging behavior, oil, pollen collecting, flower record: Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae), phenology, figure, mimicry: Paratetrapedia testacea (Apidae))
Roubik, D. W. (1979). Nest and colony characteristics of stingless bees from French Guiana (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 52 (3): 443-470 [445,446,447, 449,450,452, 456,457,463, 464-465] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens pallens, geographic record, nesting site: tree cavity, in ground, habitat, nest characteristics, reproductive swarming, nest population)
Roubik, D. W. (1979). Africanized honey bees, stingless bees, and the structure of tropical plant-pollinator communities pp. 403-417 in Caron, D. (ed.) Proc. IV Int. Symp. Poll. Maryland Agric. Exp. Sta. Spec. Misc. Publ. Vol. 1. Maryland: Maryland Agricultural Experimental Station [412] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens pallens, geographic record, foraging behavior, nectar robbing)
Roubik, D. W. (1980). Foraging behavior of competing africanized honeybees and stingless bees. Ecology 61 (4): 836-845 [836, 838, 840, 841, 842, 843] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens pallens, foraging behavior, recruitment, aggressiveness, artificial baits, competition)
Roubik, D. W. (1982). Obligate necrophagy in a social bee. Science 217: 1059-1060 [1059, 1060] (morphology, tibia, figures)
Roubik, D. W. (1983). Nest and colony characteristics of stingless bees from Panamá (Hymenoptera: Apidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 53 (6): 327-355 [353] (partim [citation of Roubik, 1979, French Guyana - see also Trigona muzoensis Schwarz])
Roubik, D. W. (1989). Ecology and natural history of tropical bees. New York: Cambridge University Press 1-514 +x pp. [54, 58, 59, 62, 69, 156, 220, 352] (partim, oil collecting, citation, figures: hind tibia, labial palpi, sucrose solution, foraging behavior, pollen, nectar, illegitimate collecting, flower record: Asystasia, Hamelia, Faramea, Dioclea, Cassia)
Roubik, D. W. (1990). Niche preemption in tropical bee communities: a comparison of Neotropical and Malesian faunas pp. 245-257 in Sakagami, S. F., Ohgushi, R. & Roubik, D. W. (ed.) Natural history of social wasps and bees in Equatorial Sumatra. Sapporo: Hokkaido University Press [253] (behavior, aggressiveness)
Roubik, D. W. (1992). Loose niches in tropical communities: Why are there so few bees and so many trees? pp. 327-354 in Hunter, M. D., Ohgushi, T. & Price, P. W. (ed.) Effects of Resource Distribution on Animal-Plant Interactions. San Diego: Academic Press [335] (behavior, oil collecting, flower record: Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpighiaceae), citation)
Roubik, D. W. (1992). Stingless Bees: A guide to Panamanian and Mesoamerican species and their nests (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponinae) pp. 495-524 in Quintero, D. & A. Aiello (ed.) Insects of Panama and Mesoamerica. Selected Studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press 692 pp. [507] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallens, = Trigona amapana, synonymy, taxonomic note)
Rudow, F. (1914). Die Wohnungen der honigsammeiden Bienen Anthophilidae. Entomol. Z. 27 (41): 240-242 [241, 242] (? uncertain identity, as Melipona Kohli [sic], [*from Schwarz, 1948: 291])
Santos, F. M., Carvalho, C. A. L. & Silva, R. F. (2004). Diversidade de abelhas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) em uma área de transição (Cerrado-Amazônia). Acta Amazonica 34 (2): 310-328 [322, 325] (geographic record, relative abundance)
Schwarz, H. F. (1932). The genus Melipona the type genus of the Meliponidae or stingless bees. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 63 (4): 231-460 [391] (as Trigona pallida, taxonomic note)
Schwarz, H. F. (1938). The stingless bees (Meliponidae) of British Guiana and some related forms. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 74: 437-508 [437, 443, 462-464] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallida pallida, key, synonymy, geographic records, geographic range [partim], taxonomic notes, figures: plate 52 - figures A,A',B,F, plate 53 - Figures A,B,C: worker, male, queen, hind leg)
Schwarz, H. F. (1940). Additional species and records of stingless bees (Meliponidae) from British Guiana. Am. Mus. Novit. 1078: 1-12 [5] (as Trigona (Trigona) pallida pallida, geographic records, comparative notes)
Schwarz, H. F. (1948). Stingless bees (Meliponidae) of the Western Hemisphere. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 90: xvii+546 [115, 201, 204, 209, 312-315, 317] (as Trigona (Trigona) amapana, hamuli, key: male, description, taxonomy, figures: male, geographic record, comparative notes; pages 15, 65, 106, 115, 128, 162, 201, 206, 232, 271, 291-295, 298-301, 312, 314, 315, 317, 319, 332, 493: as Trigona (Trigona) pallida pallida, partim [except Honduras, Canal Zone, Panama, and Colombia - Muzo, including description of male and queen - see Trigona muzoensis Schwarz], comparative notes, carcass collecting: snake, key [only worker], synonymy, diagnosis, description [only worker], taxonomy, flower records: Urena lobata and Waltheria americana - citation, geographic records, geographic range [partim], figures [only worker])
Serrão, J. E. (2001). A comparative study of the proventricular structure in corbiculate apinae [sic] (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Micron. 32: 379-385 [380] (morphology, proventriculus, citation)
Serrão, J. E. & Cruz-Landim, C. (1996). Notes on the proventriculus structure of some Trigona species (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponinae). Rev. Bras. Entomol. 40 (1): 1-2 [1, 2] (morphology, proventriculus, figure)
Silveira, F. A., G. A. R. Melo & E. A. B. Almeida (2002). Abelhas Brasileiras: Sistemática e Identificação. Belo Horizonte: F. A. Silveira 253 pp. [92] (list, geographic range)
Smith, F. (1854). Catalogue of hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, Part 2. Apidae. London: British Museum 199-465 pp. [406, 407] (as Melipona pallens and Trigona pallida, list, synonymy)
Smith-Pardo, A. H. (2003). A preliminary account of the bees of Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea): present knowledge and future directions. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 76 (2): 335-341 [338] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona (Trigona) pallens, list)
Spinola, M. (1840). Observationes sur les apiaires meliponides. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Biol. Anim. 13: 116-140 [124, 128] (as Trigona pallida, geographic record, taxonomic note, figure: plate 2, figure 6, hind tibia)
Spinola, M. (1853). Compte rendu des Hyménoptères inédits provenants du voyage entomologique de M. Ghiliani dans le Para en 1846. Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino (2) 13: 19-94 [93] (as Trigona pallida, cmparative note)
Strand, E. (1910). Uber einige amerikanische Hymenopteren des Naturhistorischen Museums zu Wiesbaden. Jahrb. Nassau. Ver. Naturkd. 63: 8-18 [11, 13] (? uncertain identity, as Trigona kohli, geographic record, altitudinal record)
Venturieri, G. (1997). Reproductive ecology of Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke and Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel (Caesalpiniaceae) and its importance in forestry management projects pp. 65-69 in Richards, K. W. (ed.) Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Pollination, Alberta, Canada. Pollination: from theory to practise. Acta Horticulturae, 437. Leuven, Belgium: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, International Society for Horticultural Science [67] (flower record: Sclerolobium paniculatum (Caesalpiniaceae))
Whitfield, J. B. & Cameron, S. A. (1998). Hierarchial analysis of variation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene among Hymenoptera. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15 (12): 1728-1743 [1731, 1733, 1734, 1739] (? uncertain identity, molecular analysis, DNA, phylogeny)
Wille, A. (1979). Phylogeny and relationships among the genera and subgenera of the stingless bees (Meliponinae) of the world. Revista de Biologia Tropical 27 (2): 241-277 [255, 258] (as Trigona pallida, behavior, pollen foraging, citation, comparative notes)
Winston, M. L. & Michener, C. D. (1977). Dual origin of highly social behavior among bees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of 74(3): 1135-1137 [1135, 1136] (as Trigona pallida, behavior, morphology, figure: hind tibia, maxilla)
Online since: 23 Jul 2008
Last update : 17 Jul 2023